Analysis of Stationary Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage System Accidents: Causes, Patterns, and Insights

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of accidents involving stationary lithium-ion battery energy storage systems (BESS) over the past 13 years, from 2011 to 2024, revealing critical trends in incident frequency, risk factors, and operational phases. Using data from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), we systematically examine the causes, timing, and environments of BESS incidents, normalizing incident rates per installed megawatt-hour (MWh) to enhance the accuracy of the risk profile. Findings indicate that 60% of incidents occur during the pre-installation phase, while 25% occur within the first year of operation, with prefabrication sites and assembly areas representing 40% of reported incidents. These results underscore an urgent need for enhanced safety protocols during pre-installation and early operational phases, particularly within assembly environments. This study offers essential data for developing targeted risk mitigation strategies and improving safety standards across the BESS lifecycle.